Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection Among Women Attending Antenatal Care Visits at Nakuru Hospital: A Systematic Review

                @article{CRSIJ26000534,
                  author = {Mwenye Phostine Simiyu, Omodo Cecilia Lavenda, Spencer Oyugi, Jefferson Mutibo, Dorriene Cherotich Titany, Cliford Mocha},
                  title = {Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection Among Women Attending Antenatal Care Visits at Nakuru Hospital: A Systematic Review},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2026},
                  volume = {2},
                  number = {3},
                  pages = {41-50},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000534.pdf},
                  abstract = {Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent bacterial infections that occur during pregnancy. During this time, pregnant women are at a higher risk of infection because of the changes that have occurred in the body and urinary tract. Sometimes the bacteria are in the urine but does not make any symptoms apparent, which is called asymptomatic bacteraemia (ASB). ASB may progress to a more severe type of kidney infection (acute pyelonephritis) and can lead to low birth weight and preterm labour if not treated. In Kenya, prevalence of ASB has been reported in studies of pregnant women from 11% to 22%. No published data were found regarding the prevalence of ASB at Olenguruone Hospital however. The purpose of this review was to determine the evidence presented on the prevalence of uterine tract infections among womankind during their antenatal care (ANC) at Olenguruone Hospice. As there were no facility-specific data, findings from antenatal studies done in other parts of Kenya were used. This Systematic Review was carried out according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The studies were searched in PubMed/PMC, Google Scholar, African Journals Online and University repositories from January 2010 to October 2026. We screened the studies according to the predesigned screening criteria and extracted the information from the studies in a structured form. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence and cross-sectional studies. The results were then summarized in a narrative fashion. The review comprised of 4 cross-sectional studies that took place in Kenya. None were carried out in Olenguruone Hospital, but met the predefined eligibility criteria however. At the health centers in Nairobi County, ASB affected 21.5% of pregnant women, at Chulaimbo Sub-County Hospital 16.3% and at Gatudu Hospital 10.8% of pregnant women. The organism found most frequently was E. coli and high levels of resistance were reported for ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. The studies also showed some factors associated with the condition, such as pregnancy trimester, employment, religion and awareness. It is yet to be determined whether there is a high prevalence of UTIs among women attending Olenguruone hospital for antenatal care. The prevalence of bacteraemia in pregnancy, however, suggests that this is experienced by some 10% to 20% of pregnant women in the region and a facility-based study and routine urine testing for asymptomatic bacteraemia during antenatal visits are needed. The study aimed to explore the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteraemia in pregnant women attending Olenguruone hospital in Kenya and determine the association between the presence of ASB and urinary tract infection in pregnant women.},
                  keywords = {urinary tract infection (UTI), pregnant women, nakuru},
                  month = {November}
        }