ISSN (Online): 3108-1584
Research Paper
Volume 2, Issue 2 - September 2026
Healthcare facilities are significant, often overlooked contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly indirect (Scope 3) sources such as procurement, staff commuting, patient transportation, and waste management. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed carbon-emission knowledge and awareness among healthcare personnel and identified the major emission sources in eight selected Primary Health Care (PHC) centres in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 396 respondents selected through multistage sampling using Yamane's formula; 394 copies (99.5% response rate) were retrieved and analysed using descriptive statistics. Personnel showed good basic knowledge of everyday emission sources, with over 90% correctly identifying staff commuting, patient transportation, waste disposal, and facility operations, but only 45.4% had received formal training and only 34.3% were aware of relevant guidelines. Transportation of medical supplies (99.5%), staff commuting (99.2%), procurement of consumables (98.7%), and healthcare waste transportation (98.5%) were the leading emission sources. The study concludes that awareness is not matched by adequate training or policy knowledge, and recommends regular training, targeted awareness campaigns, and clearer institutional guidelines to close the identified gaps.
Carbon emissions, Primary Health Care, Scope 3, knowledge and awareness, Kano Metropolis
Abba Abba MADAKI , Babatunde Yusuf, ADIAMA, Olaniyi Afolabi, OPASOLA, Rebecca Ezekiel JEGBE, Buhari MUHAMMAD, "Awareness, Knowledge, and Sources of Carbon Emissions Among Healthcare Personnel in Primary Health Care Centres in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria", Cosmo Research & Science International Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 225-231, Sep. 2026.
Abba Abba MADAKI , Babatunde Yusuf, ADIAMA, Olaniyi Afolabi, OPASOLA, Rebecca Ezekiel JEGBE, Buhari MUHAMMAD (2026). Awareness, Knowledge, and Sources of Carbon Emissions Among Healthcare Personnel in Primary Health Care Centres in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Cosmo Research & Science International Journal, 2(2), 225-231.
Abba Abba MADAKI , Babatunde Yusuf, ADIAMA, Olaniyi Afolabi, OPASOLA, Rebecca Ezekiel JEGBE, Buhari MUHAMMAD. "Awareness, Knowledge, and Sources of Carbon Emissions Among Healthcare Personnel in Primary Health Care Centres in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." Cosmo Research & Science International Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, September 2026, pp. 225-231.
@article{CRSIJ26000375,
author = {Abba Abba MADAKI , Babatunde Yusuf, ADIAMA, Olaniyi Afolabi, OPASOLA, Rebecca Ezekiel JEGBE, Buhari MUHAMMAD},
title = {Awareness, Knowledge, and Sources of Carbon Emissions Among Healthcare Personnel in Primary Health Care Centres in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria},
journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
year = {2026},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {225-231},
issn = {3108-1584},
url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000375.pdf},
abstract = {Healthcare facilities are significant, often overlooked contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly indirect (Scope 3) sources such as procurement, staff commuting, patient transportation, and waste management. This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed carbon-emission knowledge and awareness among healthcare personnel and identified the major emission sources in eight selected Primary Health Care (PHC) centres in Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 396 respondents selected through multistage sampling using Yamane's formula; 394 copies (99.5% response rate) were retrieved and analysed using descriptive statistics. Personnel showed good basic knowledge of everyday emission sources, with over 90% correctly identifying staff commuting, patient transportation, waste disposal, and facility operations, but only 45.4% had received formal training and only 34.3% were aware of relevant guidelines. Transportation of medical supplies (99.5%), staff commuting (99.2%), procurement of consumables (98.7%), and healthcare waste transportation (98.5%) were the leading emission sources. The study concludes that awareness is not matched by adequate training or policy knowledge, and recommends regular training, targeted awareness campaigns, and clearer institutional guidelines to close the identified gaps.},
keywords = {Carbon emissions, Primary Health Care, Scope 3, knowledge and awareness, Kano Metropolis},
month = {September}
}