@article{CRSIJ26000287,
                  author = {Abdulhamid Dauda, Samuel F. kolawole, Rukayat Yusuf},
                  title = {Design and Implementation of a MultiChain Blockchain-Based Security Solution for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Transparency using an IoT Devices },
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {2},
                  number = {1},
                  pages = {418-427},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000287.pdf},
                  abstract = {Counterfeit medicines, poor traceability, and data tampering remain major challenges in pharmaceutical supply chains. This paper presents a permissioned Multi Chain block chain-based security solution integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology to improve transparency, traceability, and data integrity. The system employs ESP32 microcontrollers representing the Manufacturer, Distributor, Pharmacy, and Retailer, each equipped with a DHT11 sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity. Pharmaceutical transaction data are transmitted through a Flask-based Restful middleware, validated, and securely published to a Multi Chain block chain. A web-based dashboard provides real-time visualization and verification of block chain records. Experimental evaluation demonstrates successful environmental monitoring, secure transaction recording, and immutable block chain storage throughout the pharmaceutical distribution process. The developed prototype enhances transparency, accountability, and product traceability while providing a practical and cost-effective approach for reducing counterfeit drug distribution.},
                  keywords = {Pharmaceutical Supply Chain, Multi Chain Block chain, Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32, Flask, Drug Traceability, Transparency},
                  month = {July}
        }