@article{CRSIJ26000272,
                  author = {Abeki John Promise , Egeni Emiyenjuseigha},
                  title = {Lithologic characterization of subsurface formations using well logs in x field, Niger Delta, Nigeria},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {2},
                  number = {1},
                  pages = {407-417},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000272.pdf},
                  abstract = {Lithologic characterization of subsurface formations plays a crucial role in hydrocarbon exploration and effective reservoir evaluation, as it provides insight into the distribution, composition, and properties of underground rock units. In this study, an integrated analysis of gamma ray (GR), spontaneous potential (SP), and resistivity (RT) logs obtained from Well TM-2 (SSTVD) in the X Field of the Niger Delta was carried out to identify lithologic units and delineate potential reservoir zones. The interpretation of these logs reveals a sequence of alternating sandstone and shale layers within the Agbada Formation, which is the principal hydrocarbon-bearing unit in the region. The sandstone intervals are distinguished by relatively low gamma ray readings and high resistivity values, suggesting clean, porous formations with significant hydrocarbon potential due to the reduced conductivity of hydrocarbons. In contrast, shale units exhibit high gamma ray responses and low resistivity values, reflecting their clay-rich composition and low permeability, which makes them effective sealing rocks. the main reservoir interval was clearly identified between depths of 300 ft and 500 ft, where the log signatures indicate favourable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation. Furthermore, the analysis of log motifs provides valuable information on the depositional environment, with patterns indicating progradational (coarsening upward), retro gradational (fining upward), and aggradational (uniform deposition) sequences, reflecting variations in sediment supply and basin dynamics over time. Overall, the study highlights the reliability and effectiveness of integrated well log interpretation in accurately identifying lithologic units, evaluating reservoir quality, and understanding depositional processes, thereby reinforcing its importance as a fundamental tool in petroleum exploration and development within the Niger Delta Basin.},
                  keywords = {Well logs, Gamma ray, Resistivity, Lithology, Niger Delta, Reservoir},
                  month = {July}
        }