@article{CRSIJ26000195,
                  author = {Ogbodo Ikechukwu Ogbodo , Egbonwonu Emmanuel livinus, Ezekiel Nnamere Aneke, Udeagbala Remigius Ndidika},
                  title = {Modeling and simulation of A 48 Bus, 330 kV power system using PSAT},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {1},
                  number = {6},
                  pages = {372-393},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000195.pdf},
                  abstract = {This paper presents the modelling and simulation of the Nigerian 330 kV 48-bus power system using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The Nigerian transmission network was represented as a 48-bus interconnected system comprising 16 generator buses, 32 load buses, one slack bus, and 59 transmission lines. Published network bus and line data were used in developing the model, while generator stations, load buses, and transmission lines were appropriately configured within the PSAT platform. Steady-state load flow analysis was carried out using the Newton-Raphson iterative technique to evaluate the voltage performance of the network. The developed model was validated by comparing simulated bus voltage magnitudes with reported experimental values. The results showed close agreement between both datasets, with an average percentage deviation of 2.146%, confirming the reliability and accuracy of the developed model. Most generator buses maintained voltage magnitudes close to the nominal value of 1.o pu, while some load buses such as Jos, Makurdi, Ikot Ekpene, Ugwuaji, and New Haven recorded relatively low voltage levels, indicating weak bus conditions and the need for voltage support. The study demonstrates that PSAT is an effective tool for modelling and simulation of large-scale transmission systems. The developed Nigerian 48-bus model provides a dependable platform for further studies involving voltage stability analysis, continuation load flow, contingency analysis, optimal power flow, and integration of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices for improved grid performance.},
                  keywords = {Nigerian power system, PSAT, power flow analysis, 48-bus network, voltage profile, MATLAB/Simulink, transmission system modelling},
                  month = {May}
        }