@article{CRSIJ26000171,
                  author = {Terhemba Emberga, Opara Alexander, Alma Osubor, Epuerie Emeka, Anuforo Dominic},
                  title = {Hydro-geophysical Mapping of Borehole Yield using Geophysical Method in Vandeikya Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {1},
                  number = {6},
                  pages = {253-267},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000171.pdf},
                  abstract = {This study presents an integrated hydro-geophysical investigation of groundwater potential and borehole yield in Vandeikya Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria, using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique with the Schlumberger array. Eighteen (18) VES stations were systematically distributed to ensure adequate spatial coverage of both upland and lowland terrains, characterized by moderately undulating topography that influences groundwater recharge and flow dynamics. Apparent resistivity values range from less than 50 Ωm to greater than 8000 Ωm, reflecting significant subsurface heterogeneity controlled by lithology, weathering, and moisture distribution. Low resistivity zones (<200 Ωm) indicate clay-rich or water-saturated formations, while high resistivity values (>1000 Ωm) suggest resistive materials such as fresh basement rocks. Geoelectrical interpretation reveals seven to nine subsurface layers, grouped into topsoil, weathered basement, fractured basement, and fresh basement. The weathered and fractured basement units form the principal aquifer system, with resistivity values of 46.5–749 Ωm and thicknesses ranging from 0.6 to 46.0 m. Areas such as Akar, Mbayongo, Achwa, and Ishan exhibit relatively thick overburden and enhanced groundwater storage potential. Dar-Zarrouk parameters show longitudinal conductance values of 0.001–0.731 mhos and transverse resistance values of 111 to >12,000 Ωm². High conductance values indicate moderate to good aquifer protective capacity, while high transverse resistance reflects significant transmissivity and groundwater yield potential. The results demonstrate that aquifer thickness, resistivity, and transmissivity are the primary controls on borehole productivity, confirming the effectiveness of the Schlumberger VES method for groundwater exploration in Basement Complex terrains.},
                  keywords = {Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) , Groundwater Potential , Basement Complex Terrain , Dar-Zarrouk Parameters  and Aquifer Characterization},
                  month = {May}
        }