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Volume 1, Issue 5 - March 2026

Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay deposit in Enugu state, Nigeria

Paper ID: CRSIJ26000075

Author(s): Agu Valentine Ogochukwu, Agbo Constanc Chichebem, Nnadi Sunday Maxwell, Nwankwo Ogechi Gabriella

Category: Environmental and Earth Sciences

Research Area: Analytical Environmental Chemistry

Pages: 154-165

Published Date: 13-04-2026

Volume/Issue: Volume 1 Issue 5 March-2026

ISSN (Online): 3108-1584

Abstract

Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay mineral deposit in Enugu State, Nigeria was investigated to assess it suitability for use in water purifications and other industrial applications. Samples of the clay mineral were randomly collected from the excavated sites and analyzed in triplicates for physicochemical properties such as pH, moisture content, surface area, loss-on-ignition, cation exchange capacity using standard (AOAC) methods, while alumina, silica, iron, titanium, potassium, calcium contents were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Fourier Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups characteristics of kaolinite or montmorillonite and smectite minerals while the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a predominantly quartz composition with kaolin and albite phases as minor constituents. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed honeycomb-like hexagonal structure patterns with a heterogeneous, irregular and highly aggregated surface structure. The findings show that Inyi-Clay mineral possesses desirable mineralogical and physicochemical attributes, making it a promising candidate for use in ceramics, water remediation and other environmental applications.

Keywords

Characterization, Evaluation, Heterogeneous, Mineralogical, Physicochemical

Citations

Agu Valentine Ogochukwu, Agbo Constanc Chichebem, Nnadi Sunday Maxwell, Nwankwo Ogechi Gabriella, "Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay deposit in Enugu state, Nigeria", Cosmo Research & Science International Journal, vol. Jul-25, no. 1, pp. 154-165, 2026.

Agu Valentine Ogochukwu, Agbo Constanc Chichebem, Nnadi Sunday Maxwell, Nwankwo Ogechi Gabriella (2026). Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay deposit in Enugu state, Nigeria. Cosmo Research & Science International Journal, Jul-25(1), 154-165.

Agu Valentine Ogochukwu, Agbo Constanc Chichebem, Nnadi Sunday Maxwell, Nwankwo Ogechi Gabriella. "Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay deposit in Enugu state, Nigeria." Cosmo Research & Science International Journal, vol. Jul-25, no. 1, 2026, pp. 154-165.

BibTeX
                @article{CRSIJ26000075,
                  author = {Agu Valentine Ogochukwu, Agbo Constanc Chichebem, Nnadi Sunday Maxwell, Nwankwo Ogechi Gabriella},
                  title = {Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay deposit in Enugu state, Nigeria},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {1},
                  number = {5},
                  pages = {154-165},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000075.pdf},
                  abstract = {Characterization and evaluation of Inyi clay mineral deposit in Enugu State, Nigeria was investigated to assess it suitability for use in water purifications and other industrial applications.  Samples of the clay mineral were randomly collected from the excavated sites and analyzed in triplicates for physicochemical properties such as pH, moisture content, surface area, loss-on-ignition, cation exchange capacity using standard (AOAC) methods, while alumina, silica, iron, titanium, potassium, calcium contents were evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).  Fourier Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups characteristics of kaolinite or montmorillonite and smectite minerals while the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a predominantly quartz composition with kaolin and albite phases as minor constituents.  The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed honeycomb-like hexagonal structure patterns with a heterogeneous, irregular and highly aggregated surface structure.  The findings show that Inyi-Clay mineral possesses desirable mineralogical and physicochemical attributes, making it a promising candidate for use in ceramics, water remediation and other environmental applications.},
                  keywords = {Characterization, Evaluation, Heterogeneous, Mineralogical, Physicochemical},
                  month = {March}
        }      

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