@article{CRSIJ26000145,
                  author = {Dhwani Vataliya, Dr. Kinjal Bhatt},
                  title = {Indigenous liquid biofertilizer (Kunapa Jal) formulations in traditional Indian farming},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {1},
                  number = {6},
                  pages = {139-148},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000145.pdf},
                  abstract = {However, the increasing accumulation of temple flower waste has become a serious issue now as its unsatisfactory decomposition affects soil health and cause pollution.  Dealing with the organic waste in sustainable way is thus obligatory.  Conversion of floral waste to liquid bio fertilizer has gained some interest due to its eco-friendly, assured effects and easily applicability as compared to chemical fertilizer. Floral waste–based liquid bio fertilizer is played a significant role in sustainable cropping system.  Such liquid bio fertilizer not only enhances the soil nutrients, chemical and biological components but also sustains crop productivity for sustainable agriculture and less use of chemical fertilizer that may adversely affect the soil health.  The industrially formulated liquid bio fertilizer usually contains microbial inoculants, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas), phosphate-solubilising bacteria (Mycorrhiza, Pseudomonas, Bacillus), potassium-solubilising microorganisms (Azotobacter), and natural protectants (Jaggery, Camphor), etc. These inoculants facilitate for biological process of N2 fixation, P assimilation, decomposition of organic matter etc.  In soil and increases the level of organic carbon in soil and diversity of microbes, respectively. The Indian knowledge system can be utilised effectively to formulate these inoculation cultures in a low-cost, liquid state using natural inputs (panchgavya, cow dung, Jaggery), based on a fermentation system in plastic containers and earthen pots. The floral waste-based products in addition to fertilizer can be used in several other forms like plant growth evaluation, bio-bricks, lip balm, candles, natural colour, crayons etc. works as low cost and integrated utilization of floral waste could be beneficial.},
                  keywords = {Temple flower waste, liquid bio fertilizer, low-cost fermentation, Indian knowledge system, earthen pots, plastic containers, pot study, bio-bricks },
                  month = {May}
        }