@article{CRSIJ26000096,
                  author = {Ahmed E.A, OBONO Abel John, OMOLE Omomoluwa Adegbola},
                  title = {Optimal Power Flow-Based Energy Management Using Battery Energy Storage for Voltage Stability Enhancement in Radial Distribution Networks},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {1},
                  number = {5},
                  pages = {114-124},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000096.pdf},
                  abstract = {Voltage regulation and stability remain critical challenges in radial distribution networks due to increasing load demand and limited reactive power support. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) provide an effective means of improving operational flexibility when optimally controlled. This paper investigates an optimal power flow (OPF), based energy management framework for voltage performance enhancement in a radial distribution system incorporating a BESS. A simplified distribution network is modeled in the per-unit domain, and a BESS is integrated at a critical downstream bus. The OPF formulation minimizes system power losses, voltage deviation from nominal values, and excessive battery power usage while satisfying network power flow equations, voltage limits, and BESS operational constraints. The nonlinear optimization problem is solved using MATLAB’s interior-point algorithm. Voltage stability is evaluated using the L-index, which quantifies proximity to voltage collapse. Simulation results show that the OPF successfully determines the optimal BESS dispatch, with the battery operating at its maximum rated power of 10 MW under heavy loading conditions. While active power injection from the BESS improves voltage regulation and reduces losses, the L-index values at load buses remain close to unity, indicating that active power control alone is insufficient for robust voltage stability enhancement. The results highlight the need for coordinated active and reactive power control strategies in distribution networks.},
                  keywords = {Optimal power flow; Battery energy storage system; Voltage stability; L-index; Distribution network; Voltage regulation},
                  month = {March}
        }