@article{CRSIJ26000062,
                  author = {Olamiju Olasiji Akanmu , Omigbire Tosin Tolulope, Olamiju Olusola Grace},
                  title = {Educational Infrastructure, Access, and Learning Outcomes in Osogbo and Olorunda Local Government Areas of Osun State, Nigeria},
                  journal = {Cosmo Research and Science International Journal},
                  year = {2025},
                  volume = {1},
                  number = {4},
                  pages = {67-72},
                  issn = {3108-1584},
                  url = {https://cosmorsij.com/published/CRSIJ26000062.pdf},
                  abstract = {Educational quality is shaped by infrastructure, teacher capacity, and access to learning resources. In Osun State, the adjoining LGAs of Osogbo and Olorunda Local Government Area present contrasting educational environments despite close proximity. This study comparatively assessed school distribution, infrastructural quality, teacher qualifications, WASH/ICT access, and five-year WAEC/NECO performance trends using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Forty-two schools were assessed through observation checklists and head-teacher interviews, alongside document review of examination reports (2019–2023). Findings show substantial disparities favouring Osogbo in classroom quality, laboratories, libraries, WASH facilities, ICT exposure, and proportion of qualified teachers. Examination pass rates (≥5 credits including English and Mathematics) were consistently higher in Osogbo with a persistent gap across years. The results demonstrate how peri-urban educational deprivation can exist within short geographic distances of urban advantage. Targeted policies—school renovation, rural teacher incentives, PPP-driven ICT access, and periodic infrastructure audits—are recommended to close the gap and promote equitable learning outcomes.},
                  keywords = {Educational inequality, infrastructure, teacher qualit, Osogbo, Olorunda, learning outcomes},
                  month = {January}
        }